HSC Biology — Module 8
Cancer — Flashcards & Quiz
Cancer is a non-infectious disease caused by uncontrolled cell division arising from mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, and HSC Biology Module 8 asks you to link the molecular mechanisms to clinical outcomes. Strong responses name specific examples (BRCA genes, p53), explain how multiple mutations accumulate, and evaluate treatment strategies from surgery through chemotherapy to modern immunotherapy and targeted biologicals.
Sample Flashcards
Q1: What causes cancer and how does it develop?
Cancer results from mutations in genes that control cell division (oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes). Causes: mutagens (UV, chemicals, viruses), inherited mutations, random DNA replication errors. Mutated cells divide uncontrollably, forming a tumour. Malignant tumours can invade nearby tissues and metastasise (spread via blood/lymph).
Sample Quiz Questions
Q1: Benign tumours can metastasise and spread to other parts of the body.
Answer: FALSE
Benign tumours are localised and do NOT metastasise. Only MALIGNANT tumours can invade surrounding tissues and spread via the blood or lymphatic system.
Q2: Mutations in tumour suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell division.
Answer: TRUE
Tumour suppressor genes normally slow cell division or trigger apoptosis. Mutations that inactivate them remove these "brakes", allowing uncontrolled cell growth.
Related Concepts
Last updated: March 2026 · 1 flashcards · 2 quiz questions